Diseases & Conditions
Explore conditions by medical specialty.
Browse 215 common diseases and conditions across 24 major specialties. This directory is educational and does not replace diagnosis by a doctor.
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Cardiology
Evaluation and treatment of heart and circulation disorders.
Coronary Artery DiseaseNarrowing or blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.Heart AttackDamage to heart muscle caused by sudden interruption of blood flow.Heart FailureA condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively enough for the body's needs.ArrhythmiaAbnormal heart rhythms that may be too fast, too slow or irregular.Atrial FibrillationA common irregular rhythm arising from the upper chambers of the heart.HypertensionPersistently elevated blood pressure requiring risk assessment and long-term management.Valvular Heart DiseaseDisorders affecting one or more heart valves.CardiomyopathyDisease of the heart muscle that can affect pumping or rhythm.Congenital Heart DiseaseStructural heart abnormalities present from birth.Peripheral Artery DiseaseNarrowing of arteries supplying the limbs, most often the legs.
Cardiac Surgery
Surgical treatment of complex heart and major vessel conditions.
Coronary Bypass SurgerySurgical revascularization for significant coronary artery disease.Aortic Valve DiseaseNarrowing or leakage of the aortic valve requiring specialist assessment.Mitral Valve DiseaseNarrowing or leakage affecting the mitral valve.Aortic AneurysmAbnormal enlargement of the aorta that may require monitoring or repair.Aortic DissectionA tear in the aortic wall requiring urgent specialist management.Adult Congenital Heart DefectsCongenital structural defects persisting into adulthood.Heart Valve InfectionInfection involving the heart valves or inner lining.Advanced Heart Failure SurgerySurgical options for severe heart failure when medical therapy is insufficient.
Oncology
Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Breast CancerCancer arising from breast tissue.Lung CancerCancer arising in the lungs, including non-small-cell and small-cell types.Colorectal CancerCancer of the colon or rectum.Prostate CancerCancer of the prostate gland.Ovarian CancerCancer arising from the ovaries, fallopian tubes or related tissues.Cervical CancerCancer of the cervix, often associated with persistent high-risk HPV infection.Uterine CancerCancer of the uterus, commonly involving the endometrium.Pancreatic CancerCancer arising from pancreatic tissue.Stomach CancerCancer of the stomach, most commonly adenocarcinoma.Liver CancerPrimary cancer arising from liver cells or bile ducts.Kidney CancerCancer arising from renal tissue.Bladder CancerCancer arising from the bladder lining or deeper tissues.Head and Neck CancerCancers arising in the oral cavity, throat, larynx or related structures.Thyroid CancerCancer arising from thyroid tissue.Brain TumorPrimary or metastatic tumors involving the brain.Bone CancerPrimary malignant tumors of bone.Soft Tissue SarcomaCancer arising from connective tissues such as muscle, fat or blood vessels.LeukemiaCancer affecting blood-forming tissues and abnormal white blood cells.LymphomaCancer of the lymphatic system, including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Multiple MyelomaCancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
Neurology
Medical care for disorders of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and muscles.
StrokeSudden neurological injury caused by blocked or ruptured blood vessels in the brain.EpilepsyA neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures.Parkinson DiseaseA progressive movement disorder related to loss of dopamine-producing brain cells.Multiple SclerosisAn immune-mediated disorder affecting the brain and spinal cord.MigraineA recurrent neurological headache disorder often associated with nausea and sensory sensitivity.Peripheral NeuropathyDamage to peripheral nerves causing pain, numbness or weakness.Myasthenia GravisAn autoimmune disorder causing fluctuating muscle weakness.Motor Neuron DiseaseProgressive disorders affecting nerve cells that control voluntary movement.DementiaProgressive impairment in memory, thinking and daily function from multiple possible causes.Alzheimer DiseaseA common neurodegenerative cause of progressive dementia.Movement DisordersConditions causing abnormal or impaired movement, including tremor and dystonia.Neuromuscular DisordersConditions affecting nerves, muscles or the neuromuscular junction.
Neurosurgery
Surgical treatment of brain, spine and peripheral nerve disorders.
Brain Tumor SurgerySurgical management of primary or metastatic brain tumors when appropriate.Brain AneurysmAbnormal ballooning of a brain artery that may require endovascular or surgical treatment.Arteriovenous MalformationAbnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain.HydrocephalusExcess cerebrospinal fluid causing pressure within the brain.Trigeminal NeuralgiaSevere facial pain affecting the trigeminal nerve.Pituitary TumorTumors arising from the pituitary gland.Chiari MalformationStructural abnormality where lower brain tissue extends toward the spinal canal.Spinal Cord TumorTumors affecting the spinal cord or surrounding structures.
Orthopaedics
Bone, joint, ligament, tendon and musculoskeletal care.
Knee OsteoarthritisDegenerative joint disease causing pain, stiffness and reduced mobility.Hip OsteoarthritisDegeneration of the hip joint causing pain and loss of movement.Rheumatoid Joint DamageJoint damage caused by chronic inflammatory arthritis.ACL TearInjury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.Meniscus TearDamage to the cartilage cushions inside the knee.Rotator Cuff TearTear of shoulder tendons that stabilize and move the joint.Shoulder ArthritisDegenerative or inflammatory damage to the shoulder joint.Fracture NonunionA fracture that has not healed within the expected time.Sports InjuryMusculoskeletal injury associated with sport or physical activity.Bone InfectionInfection involving bone.
Spine Care
Evaluation and treatment of neck, back and spinal disorders.
Slipped DiscA herniated intervertebral disc that can irritate nearby nerves.Lumbar Spinal StenosisNarrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back.Cervical SpondylosisDegenerative changes in the neck affecting discs, joints or nerves.Lumbar SpondylosisDegenerative changes in the lower spine.ScoliosisSideways curvature of the spine.KyphosisExcessive forward curvature of the upper spine.SpondylolisthesisForward slippage of one vertebra over another.Spinal InfectionInfection involving vertebrae, discs or surrounding tissues.Spinal TuberculosisTuberculosis affecting spinal structures.Spinal FractureTraumatic or pathological fracture of one or more vertebrae.
Gastroenterology
Digestive system and gastrointestinal disease care.
GERDGastroesophageal reflux causing acid or stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.Peptic Ulcer DiseaseUlcers of the stomach or upper small intestine.Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseChronic inflammatory disorders including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn DiseaseChronic inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.Ulcerative ColitisChronic inflammation affecting the colon and rectum.Irritable Bowel SyndromeA disorder of gut-brain interaction causing abdominal pain and altered bowel habits.Celiac DiseaseImmune reaction to gluten causing small intestinal injury.GallstonesSolid deposits forming in the gallbladder.PancreatitisInflammation of the pancreas that may be acute or chronic.GI BleedingBleeding anywhere in the digestive tract.
Hepatology
Liver, bile duct and advanced liver disease care.
Fatty Liver DiseaseExcess fat accumulation in the liver, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.Hepatitis BViral infection that can cause chronic liver inflammation and cirrhosis.Hepatitis CViral infection that can lead to chronic liver disease but is often curable with antiviral therapy.CirrhosisAdvanced scarring of the liver from chronic liver injury.Portal HypertensionIncreased pressure in the portal venous system, often due to cirrhosis.Autoimmune HepatitisImmune-mediated inflammation of the liver.Liver FailureSevere loss of liver function that may be acute or chronic.Bile Duct DiseaseDisorders affecting bile ducts, including strictures and inflammatory diseases.
Kidney & Nephrology
Kidney disease, dialysis and renal replacement care.
Chronic Kidney DiseaseLong-term reduction in kidney function.Acute Kidney InjurySudden decline in kidney function from multiple possible causes.Nephrotic SyndromeHeavy protein loss in urine causing low blood protein and swelling.GlomerulonephritisInflammation affecting the kidney's filtering units.Diabetic Kidney DiseaseKidney damage related to diabetes.Hypertensive Kidney DiseaseKidney damage associated with long-standing high blood pressure.Polycystic Kidney DiseaseInherited disorder causing multiple kidney cysts.End Stage Kidney DiseaseSevere kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant evaluation.
Urology
Urinary tract and male reproductive system care.
Kidney StonesMineral deposits in the kidney or urinary tract.Benign Prostatic EnlargementNon-cancerous enlargement of the prostate causing urinary symptoms.Urinary Tract ObstructionBlockage affecting urine flow from the kidney, ureter, bladder or urethra.Urethral StrictureNarrowing of the urethra causing difficulty passing urine.Male InfertilityDifficulty achieving pregnancy due to male reproductive factors.Erectile DysfunctionPersistent difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection adequate for sexual activity.Urinary IncontinenceInvoluntary leakage of urine.HydronephrosisSwelling of the kidney caused by impaired urine drainage.
Pulmonology
Lung and respiratory disease evaluation and treatment.
AsthmaChronic airway inflammation causing variable wheeze, breathlessness and cough.COPDProgressive airflow limitation commonly linked with smoking or long-term irritant exposure.PneumoniaInfection of the lung tissue.TuberculosisTuberculosis involving the lungs.Interstitial Lung DiseaseA broad group of diseases causing inflammation or scarring of lung tissue.Pulmonary FibrosisProgressive scarring of lung tissue.BronchiectasisPermanent widening of airways associated with recurrent infection and mucus production.Pleural EffusionFluid accumulation around the lungs.Sleep ApneaRepeated pauses or reductions in breathing during sleep.Pulmonary HypertensionHigh blood pressure in vessels supplying the lungs.
ENT
Ear, nose, throat, voice and head-neck care.
Chronic SinusitisLong-standing inflammation of the sinuses.Deviated Nasal SeptumDisplacement of the nasal septum affecting airflow.TonsillitisInflammation or infection of the tonsils.Hearing LossPartial or complete reduction in hearing from multiple causes.Otitis MediaMiddle ear infection or inflammation.TinnitusPerception of ringing or other sounds without an external source.VertigoA sensation of spinning or movement often related to inner ear or neurological causes.Voice DisorderAbnormal voice quality, pitch, volume or endurance.
Ophthalmology
Eye disease, vision preservation and ophthalmic surgery.
CataractClouding of the eye's natural lens causing reduced vision.GlaucomaProgressive optic nerve damage, often associated with elevated eye pressure.Diabetic RetinopathyRetinal damage caused by diabetes.Retinal DetachmentSeparation of the retina from its underlying support tissue.Macular DegenerationDegeneration of the central retina affecting detailed vision.Corneal DiseaseDisorders affecting the transparent front surface of the eye.KeratoconusProgressive thinning and cone-shaped distortion of the cornea.Refractive ErrorMyopia, hyperopia or astigmatism causing blurred vision.
Endocrinology
Hormonal, metabolic and endocrine gland disorders.
Type 1 DiabetesAutoimmune loss of insulin-producing cells causing insulin deficiency.Type 2 DiabetesMetabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose.HypothyroidismUnderactive thyroid hormone production.HyperthyroidismExcess thyroid hormone production.Thyroid NodulesLumps within the thyroid that may require imaging or biopsy.PCOSA common hormonal disorder associated with irregular ovulation and androgen excess.Adrenal DisordersConditions involving excessive or deficient adrenal hormone production.Pituitary DisordersHormonal problems arising from the pituitary gland.OsteoporosisReduced bone strength increasing fracture risk.Obesity & Metabolic DiseaseComplex metabolic disease associated with excess adiposity and related health risks.
Rheumatology
Autoimmune, inflammatory joint and connective tissue disorders.
Rheumatoid ArthritisAutoimmune inflammatory arthritis affecting multiple joints.Ankylosing SpondylitisInflammatory arthritis mainly affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints.Psoriatic ArthritisInflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis.Systemic LupusAutoimmune disease that can affect skin, joints, kidneys and other organs.SclerodermaAutoimmune connective tissue disease causing skin thickening and possible organ involvement.VasculitisInflammation of blood vessels with many possible organ effects.GoutInflammatory arthritis caused by urate crystal deposition.Sjogren SyndromeAutoimmune disease commonly causing dry eyes and dry mouth.
Gynecology
Women's reproductive and gynecologic health care.
Uterine FibroidsNon-cancerous growths of uterine muscle.EndometriosisTissue similar to uterine lining growing outside the uterus.AdenomyosisEndometrial-type tissue growing within the uterine muscle.Ovarian CystFluid-filled or solid ovarian lesions with multiple possible causes.Abnormal Uterine BleedingBleeding that differs in timing, amount or duration from expected menstrual patterns.Pelvic Organ ProlapseDescent of pelvic organs due to weakened support tissues.Gynecologic InfectionInfections involving the reproductive tract.High Risk PregnancyPregnancy requiring additional specialist monitoring because of maternal or fetal risk factors.
IVF & Fertility
Evaluation and assisted reproductive treatment for infertility.
Female InfertilityDifficulty conceiving due to ovulatory, tubal, uterine, age-related or other factors.Male InfertilityMale reproductive factors contributing to difficulty conceiving.Blocked Fallopian TubesTubal blockage that can prevent sperm and egg from meeting.Low Ovarian ReserveReduced number or quality of remaining eggs.Recurrent Pregnancy LossRepeated pregnancy loss requiring structured evaluation.Ovulation DisorderIrregular or absent release of eggs.Unexplained InfertilityInfertility where standard assessment does not identify a clear cause.Fertility PreservationEgg, sperm or embryo freezing before age-related decline or medical treatment.
Hematology
Blood disorders, bone marrow disease and hematologic cancers.
AnemiaReduced red blood cell mass or hemoglobin from multiple possible causes.Iron Deficiency AnemiaAnemia caused by insufficient iron.ThalassemiaInherited hemoglobin disorder causing chronic anemia.Sickle Cell DiseaseInherited disorder causing abnormal red blood cells and vaso-occlusive complications.HemophiliaInherited bleeding disorder caused by clotting factor deficiency.Aplastic AnemiaBone marrow failure causing reduced production of blood cells.Myelodysplastic SyndromeBone marrow disorders producing abnormal blood cells.Clotting DisordersConditions increasing risk of abnormal bleeding or thrombosis.
Transplant Medicine
Evaluation and coordination for solid-organ and stem-cell transplantation.
Kidney TransplantTransplantation for eligible patients with advanced kidney failure.Liver TransplantTransplantation for eligible patients with irreversible liver failure or selected liver conditions.Heart TransplantTransplantation for selected patients with end-stage heart disease.Lung TransplantTransplantation for selected patients with advanced irreversible lung disease.Bone Marrow TransplantStem-cell transplantation for selected blood cancers and marrow disorders.Combined Organ TransplantTransplantation involving more than one organ in selected situations.
Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery
Surgical and multidisciplinary treatment for severe obesity and metabolic disease.
Severe ObesityObesity associated with substantial health risk and potential need for multidisciplinary treatment.Obesity with DiabetesExcess adiposity with type 2 diabetes requiring metabolic risk management.Obesity with Sleep ApneaObesity complicated by obstructive sleep apnea.Obesity with HypertensionObesity associated with high blood pressure.Metabolic SyndromeCluster of metabolic risk factors including central obesity, hypertension and abnormal glucose/lipids.
Dental Care
Restorative, implant, cosmetic and maxillofacial dental care.
Dental CariesTooth decay caused by breakdown of tooth structure.Gum DiseaseInflammation and infection affecting the tissues supporting teeth.Missing TeethLoss of one or more teeth requiring restorative options.Impacted Wisdom ToothA wisdom tooth that cannot erupt normally.MalocclusionMisalignment of teeth or bite.Dental InfectionBacterial infection involving tooth pulp or surrounding tissues.Jaw DeformityStructural jaw imbalance affecting bite, function or facial proportions.Smile ReconstructionCombined restorative and cosmetic dental treatment planning.
Dermatology
Medical and procedural care for skin, hair and nail disorders.
AcneInflammatory disorder of hair follicles and oil glands.PsoriasisChronic immune-mediated skin disease causing scaly plaques.EczemaInflammatory skin condition causing itching, dryness and rash.VitiligoLoss of skin pigment due to destruction of melanocytes.UrticariaHives caused by mast-cell activation in the skin.Fungal Skin InfectionSuperficial fungal infection of skin, hair or nails.AlopeciaHair loss from genetic, autoimmune, hormonal or other causes.Skin Lesion EvaluationAssessment of moles, growths or changing skin lesions.
Pediatrics
Medical and surgical care for infants, children and adolescents.
Congenital Heart Disease in ChildrenStructural heart abnormalities diagnosed in infancy or childhood.Pediatric EpilepsyRecurrent seizures beginning in childhood.Developmental DelayDelay in achieving expected motor, language, cognitive or social milestones.Pediatric AsthmaChronic airway inflammation causing recurrent wheeze and breathing symptoms in children.Childhood DiabetesDiabetes diagnosed in childhood, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Pediatric Kidney DiseaseKidney disorders affecting children.Pediatric CancerCancers occurring in children, including leukemia and solid tumors.Pediatric Orthopaedic DisorderBone, joint or limb conditions affecting growth and function.